1. Consider the following statements:
1. In S. Azeez Basha case, SC held that since AMU was created by Britishers so it
doesn't enjoy the protection accorded to minority institutions given under
Article 30;
2. After AMU versus Malay Shukla case, AMU can provide reservation to minority
community;
3. In AMU versus Malay Shukla case, SC identifies 3 parameters on which Court
should rely on whether an institution is a minority one or not i.e. identification
of the establisher of the institution, brain behind the creation and
administration by minority members;
Choose the correct option:

2. Consider the following statements about the Kigali Amendment to the
Montreal Protocol:
1. CFCs aren't Ozone depleting substances, but it's global warming potential is
1000s of times that of CO2;
2. Under the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, 4 categories of
countries with different schedules and timetables for reduction have been
created;
3. For India, Freezing year under Kigali Amendment is 2028, while for the USA it
was 2019;
4. India has to complete its phasedown in 4 steps from 2032 onwards with a
cumulative reduction of 20% in 2032, 40% in 2037, 60% in 2042 and 80% in
2047;
Choose the incorrect option:

3. Consider the following statements:
1. India ranks 79 out of 142 in the Rule of Law Index 2024 which was 57 in 2015;
2. The Rule of Law Index is published annually by World Legal Lab, a Washington
based organisation that works to build awareness (UPSC PYQ 2019)
3. The Prevention of Torture Bill 2022 was a government bill which could not pass
in the Rajya Sabha due to lack of majority of NDA in Rajya Sabha;
4. India has signed the UN Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman
and Degrading Treatment or Punishment way back in 1997;

Choose the correct option:

4. Consider the following statements about Ranthambore National Park and
Tiger Reserve:
1. It lies at the northern edge of the Vindhya range;
2. Ranthambore fort is located within the park which is a UNESCO world heritage
site;
3. The rivers Chambal in the South and the Banas river in the north bound the
tiger reserve;
4. Ranthambore Tiger reserve comprises the Ranthambore National Park as well
as Sawai Mansingh and Kailadevi Sanctuaries;
Choose the correct option: